Kiɖe tɛɛ takayaɣ(Kpaɣna pɩkɩsɛlɩ 1 350 nɛ pɩtalɩ 1 685 ñɩŋgʋ, takayaɣ walanzɩ : 1,02 Mio, MIME akɩlɩ : image/jpeg)

Takayaɣ kanɛ kalɩna Wikimedia Commons. Tamasɩ lɛɛsɩ pɩzɩɣ palabɩna-kɛ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ. Pataaɖɩ kɛ-kɛdʋʋ tɔm ka-takayɩhayʋʋ ngʋ kɩkɛdʋʋ kɔ-tɔm yɔ nɛ pɩ-tɛɛ.

Kɛdɩtʋ

Kɛdɩtʋ
English: Bing Crosby publicity photo, c. 1930s
Efemiye années 1930
date QS:P,+1930-00-00T00:00:00Z/8
Kiɖe eBay
Mayʋ Auteur inconnuUnknown author
Waɖɛ haʋ
(Ɖaɣnʋʋ labɩnaʋ takayaɣ kanɛ)

This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actors. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements ... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs." ("Fair Usage Publication of Film Stills" by Kristin Thompson, Society for Cinema and Media Studies)

Labɩnaʋ paɣtʋ

Public domain
Cette œuvre est dans le domaine public car elle a été publiée aux États-Unis entre 1929 et 1963 et, qu'il y eut ou non un avis de copyright, ce copyright n'a pas été renouvelé. À moins que son auteur ne soit décédé depuis suffisamment longtemps, il reste "copyrighté" dans les pays ou lieux qui n'appliquent pas la règle du terme le plus court pour les œuvres américaines, comme l'Allemagne (70 ans), le Canada (70 ans), la Chine continentale (50 ans ; sauf pour Hong-Kong et Macao), le Mexique (100 ans), la Suisse (70 ans), et d'autres pays avec des traités individuels. Voir Commons:Hirtle chart pour davantage d'explications.

العربية  Deutsch  English  español  français  galego  italiano  日本語  한국어  македонски  português  português do Brasil  русский  sicilianu  slovenščina  українська  简体中文  繁體中文  +/−

Flag of the United States
Flag of the United States

Légendes

Ajoutez en une ligne la description de ce que représente ce fichier

Éléments décrits dans ce fichier

dépeint français

type MIME français

image/jpeg

27b452ebf2a149c17d5a5a15f55cd7e3436d2f52

méthode de détermination français : SHA-1 français

1 073 416 octet

hauteur français

1 685 pixel

largeur français

1 350 pixel

Takayaɣ caanaʋ tɔm kɛdʋʋ

Tukina efemiye nɛ ñɩɣtʋ nɛ ŋna takayaɣ kanɛ ɛzɩ kaawɛʋ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa yɔ.

Efemiye nɛ ñɩɣtʋTampɔɔWalanzɩLabɩnayʋTɔm taa nuutuu
lɛlɛɛyɔ11 Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 2015 à 02:1611 Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 2015 à 02:16 ñɔɔzɩtʋ kɩlɛɣzɩtʋ tɛ tampɔɔ1 350 × 1 685 (1,02 Mio)Bede735Black and white
11 Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 2015 à 01:5911 Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 2015 à 01:59 ñɔɔzɩtʋ kɩlɛɣzɩtʋ tɛ tampɔɔ1 350 × 1 685 (1,34 Mio)Bede735Adjusted brightness and contrast, cropped the image
11 Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 2015 à 01:5711 Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 2015 à 01:57 ñɔɔzɩtʋ kɩlɛɣzɩtʋ tɛ tampɔɔ1 537 × 849 (349 kio)Bede735User created page with UploadWizard

Takayɩhayʋʋ kɩtɩŋʋʋ lakɩna takayaɣ kanɛ tʋmɩyɛ :

takayaɣ labɩnaʋ nɛ paa anɩ

Wikinaa kɩtɩŋaa lɛlaa lakɩna kɩlɛmʋʋ kʋnɛ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ :

Mɛtadɔneewaa