Ɛsakuliye

Payaʋ se "civilisation" yɔ, pɩlɩna latɛŋ kʋnʋŋ taa. Latɛŋ taa lɛ, payaɣ se "civis", pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se "citoyen", ɛyʋ. Paa samaɣ ŋga nɛ kɛ-tɛ "civilisation" yaa kɛ-tɛ sɔnzɩ. Mbʋʋ sɔsaa tɔma se "ajɛɛ kpɛndʋʋ so, aakpɛndʋʋ payɛ.

Panaɣ samaɣ nakɛyɛ tɛ civilisation yaa kɔ-sɔnzɩ pɩtɩŋna kɛ-lɛɣtʋ nɛ ka-fɩtɩyɩm nɛ kɛ-tɛ politiki labʋ nɛ kɔ-lɔŋ weyi kayaɣ yɔ. Samaɣ nakɛyɛ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ kɔtɔ se kɔ-sɔnzɩ kɩlɩ ɖeu samaɣ lɛɛka n̄ɩnzɩ. Yee ḿbʋ pʋwɛɛ se pama tɔmpiye "civilisation" sakɩyɛ taa, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pama se "civilisations" yaa sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Toovenum lɛ, sɔnzɩ kɩbɩnzɩ wɛɛ nɛ sɔnzɩ kɩfasɩ n̄ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.

Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ payawaɣ se "Mʋntʋsʋŋ alɩwaatʋ" yɔ, tɩ-taa lɛ, civilisation yaa sɔnzɩ kɛkɛ pʋyʋ mbʋ pɩkɩlɩ wazaɣ kpem yɔ. Pʋwɛ wazaɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se "culture" yaa sɔnzɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ Ɛsɔ nʋmɔʋ (religion) nɛ Samaɣ (Société) yɔ. Ɖajaa weyi payaɣ se Victor Riqueti de Mirabeau yɔ ɛlɛyɩna tɔmpiye "civilisation" yaa sɔnzɩ hɩɖɛ yaʋ nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ-ɖɩ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩna sɔnɔ. Ɛkɛ ɖajaa weyi payaɣ se Mirabeau yɔ ɛ-pɩyalʋ. Ɖajaa Mirabeau kɔsɔɔlɩ lɛɣzɩtʋ kɩfatʋ ɛwɛɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛma ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga ɛyaa se "Ɛyaa Taabalʋ" (L'Ami des Hommes) yɔ ka-taa se : "Ɛsɔ nʋmɔʋ kɛna kajalaɣ wonuu nɛ wonuu ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ wazaɣ mbʋ pɩpɩsɩɣna ɛyʋ nɛ wayɩ yɔ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ lɛɛbʋ. Pɩnaɣ 1758 n̄ɩŋga taa ɛma-tʋ. Ɛsɔ nʋmɔʋ yekina nɛ civilisation ɖɛɣna ɛsɩndaa. Ńdʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɖajaa Condorcet yɔɔdʋʋ ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga ɛya-kɛ se " Esquisse d'un tableau des progrès de l'esprit humain" yɔ ka-taa. Ɛtɔŋ se, ɛyʋ ɛsɩndaa ɖɛnaʋ payaɣ se "civilisation", se ɛyʋ yekuu tɛtɛ kan̄atʋ nɛ ɛtɩlʋʋ kpeyuu yɔ payaɣ se "civilisation. Ɛyɔɔdʋʋ se, ɛyʋ tɩlʋʋ lɔŋ yɔ payaɣ "civilisation.

Ɖooo waaɣ XIX n̄ɩŋga taa ɛyʋ cɔnaa se mbʋ payaɣ se sɔnzɩ yɔ, mbʋ kɩlɩna pɩtɩŋa payɩ wazaɣ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Sʋsaa tuu eduye se pasɩŋ ɛyʋ nɛ ɛ-sɔnzɩ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se paa samaɣ ŋga nɛ kɔ-sɔnzɩ. Yee mbʋ samaɣ nakɛyɛ sɔnzɩ takɩlɩ samaɣ lɛɛka n̄ɩnzɩ ɖeu yaa wazaɣ. Samaɣ nakɛyɛ fɛyɩ se kɛfɛɛnɩ kɔ-sɔnzɩ.