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Caŋa 1: [[File:Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg\|thumb\|Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912)]] Kiŋ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ (paɖanɩɣ-ɖɩ maʊ se Ch'ing yaa Siŋ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ yaa Ciŋ kewiyaaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ, [[Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ\|Siini kʊnʊŋ]] taa lɛ, 清朝, Pinyin taa lɛ, qīng cháo, Wade taa lɛ, Ch'ing ch'ao, mandchou kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Daicing gurun, mongol kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Манж Чин Улс, kɩ-tɛ nɛ mandchoue tɛ, kɩkɛ kpaagba kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ [[Siini]] ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1644 ŋtalɩ 1912. Kɛlɛza wayi wayi Han waa kewiyaɣ nɛ Miŋ waa. Potula you nɛ Miŋ ɛyaa pɩnaɣ 1644 pazɩtʊ caca mbʊ lɛ, pamʊ kewiyaɣ ɖɛfɛɛ ɖɛfɛɛ Siini kpeekpe taa. Pamʊ Pékin tɛtʊ pɩnaɣ 1644 nɛ pasɩ politiki kewiyaɣ kɩfalaɣ, Kiŋ Sɔsɔ Ampiiri nɛ Siini wɛ pe-kewiyaɣ nesi tɛɛ. [[File:Qing-dynasty-vases.jpg\|thumb\|Qing-dynasty-vases]] Kpaɣɖʊ 19 hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ naalɛ ndʊ taa, Kiŋ Ampiiri tɔla, ɛlɛ, pɩlɩna ɖama hɛkɩŋ taa yoŋ pɩtɩŋna ajɛyɛ lɛɛna tɛ seɣee waa yɔɔ nɛ pɩtɛmna se Xinhai waa tɛ kpɛlɩ lɛɛzɩɣ tuza pe-kewiyaɣ nɛ piyele Siini ɛjaɖɛ pɩsɩ mbʊ ɖɩsɩna-ɖɩ sɔnɔ yɔɔ. Kiŋ kewiyaɣ tɛma lɛɣla fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1912 taa, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɩ-wiyaʊ kpaagba ñɩnʊ kiza kewiyaɣ, mbʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ loɖo. Kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ kaañɔɔ ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ Siini ɛyaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Han waa yɔ tɩna kɛ-tɛ kiɖe. Ɛyaa mba pakɩlɩ ɖɔʊ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛlɛ, mandchous ɛyaa mba pɔdɔɖɔɔ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ ɖa-evema ana a-taa yɔ mba tɩna ke-kiɖe. Mandchous ɛyaa kɛ Jurchens (女真) liɖe taa ɛyaa, pɩkɛ toungouse ɛyaa mba paawɛ egeetiye ndɩ ɖɩ-taa wɛ nɔnɔ kɛ [[Ruusii\|Ruusi]] ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlʊʊ tɛ ɛyaa tɛ nɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Heilongjiang yɔ kɩ-taa. [[File:The_Ci-Xi_Imperial_Dowager_Empress_(5).JPG\|thumb\|The Ci-Xi Imperial Dowager Empress]] Nurhaci kaakɛ cejewiye cikpeɖe naɖɩyɛ tɛ wiyaʊ ndɩ Jurchen kɛ Jianzhou taa, kpaɣɖʊ 12 paɣzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ. Vassal kiŋgi kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ tɛ, nɛ ehiɣ tɔm kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1582 taa nɛ mandchou cejewaɣ ndɩ ndɩ. Sɔɔjana yoŋ kɛ ɛyaa mba pɛ-hɛkɩŋ taa pɩsɩ kpɛlɩ ɛjaaɖɛ tɩŋga you, nɛ pʊpɔzʊʊ se pɛkpɛndɩ Jurchen nɛ Jianzhou cejewaɣ. Pɩnaɣ 1616 pazɩtʊ taa ca lɛ, Nurhaci kaawɛna kewiyaɣ ɖoŋ sakɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-yaa ɛ-tɩ se Jin Sɔsɔʊ ñʊʊ tʊ ɛlɛ, ɛtɩɣzɩna Jurchen kɩbɩnʊʊ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ.

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