Kwame Nkruma

Kwame Nkrumah kɛna Kana ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ tʋ weyi ɛcɔŋna kewiyaɣ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ nɛ Afrika kpeekpe ajɛya ñʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛcɔŋna kewiyaɣ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1954 ŋtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1957 nɛ pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛcɔŋna ɖɔɖɔ Kana ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ tʋ yɔɔ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1957 ŋtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1960 nɛ pʋwayɩ lɛ ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ tʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1960 ŋtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1966. Palʋla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 21 pɩnaɣ 1909 Nkroful, Kana ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 27 pɩnaɣ 1972 Bukarest, Rumaanii ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ tɔm

Ɛpaɣzɩ sukuli nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ politiki labʋ

Kwame Nkrumah, palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1909 kɛ Kɔŋgo Kʋhʋlʋmʋʋ taa, hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pakpaɣ-ɖɩ nɛ Britaanii kewiyaɣ taa kɛ Kana ɛjaɖɛ taa. Paa Kwame Nkrumah ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa cikpelaɣ yem yɔ, ɛ-tɛ sukuli taa sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ kaakɛ liidiye. Paha-ɩ waɖɛ se ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʋ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋmlaɖaa mba paawɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Pʋcɔ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʋ lɛ,ɛkpɛlɛkɩ ɛ-tɩ se ɛkɛ sukuli wɩlɩyʋ. Ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 17 lɛ, ɛ-tɔm talɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ tʋ weyi ɛ-tɔm kaakɛdɩɣ-ɩ yɔ nɛ etiyi-i se ewolo Achimota sukuli sɔsɔʋ taa kɛ Accra tɛtʋ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1935 taa ɛlaba sukuli nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ cabɩ lɛ, ɛɖɛɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa se ewolo Lincoln sukuli sɔsɔʋ taa.Ɛlaba tʋma cikpena sakɩyɛ ɛ-tɛ sukuli wayɩ (ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-tɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa wezuu tɔm taa se "kʋñɔŋ pɩnzɩ") nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, ɛmʋ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʋ tʋmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 1939. Ɛma ɛ-takayaɣ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ teoloji sukuli kɛ Lincoln sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ taa. Ɛma ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-takayaɣ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ masɩ sukuli sɔsɔʋ kɛ Pennsylvanie sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ taa. Ɛma-kʋ pɩnaɣ 1943 nɛ ɛmʋ ɛ-takayaɣ nɛ ɛmʋ ɛ-takayaɣ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ filozofii taa masɩ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Afrɩka sukulibiya ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ taa tʋ.Ɛsɩna nɛ ɖɩpɩsɩ Amerika nɛ Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa sukulibiya ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1942 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1945. Ɛgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-takayaɣ taa pamaɣ Nkrumah ñɩnɩɣ se ɛna se tɔm ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛɖɛzaɣ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ paawɛɛ yɔ,tɩ-tɔm cɛyɩ siŋŋ.Ɛkɛ Marx nɛ Lénine pɛ-takayasɩ taa Ɛkɛ Marx nɛ Lénine pɛ-takayasɩ taamayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɛyɔɔdaa se: "Mantɩpɩtɩɣ se pɛwɛnɩ ɛyʋtʋ ndʋ tɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ tɩsɩnɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛcɔnɩ ɛ-kʋñɔmɩŋ ɖeɖe yɔ". Ɛ-lɩmaɣza wɛ Marcus Garvey tɔm taa, pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛ-tɛtʋ taa ɛyaa mba paawɛ Afrika yɔ, paɖaɣnɩ pɩsʋʋ Afrika taa yɔ, nɛ ɛzɩma Afrɩka taa mba wɛ Afrika taa yɔ, pɩ-yɔɔ.Ɛlɛ, ekiziɣ tɔm ndʋ Garvey nɛ W. E. Garvey pɔyɔɔdaɣ yɔ. E B. Kɩɖaʋ nakʋyʋ. Ɖajaa Du Bois ɛnɛ, ɛlaba tʋmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ NAACP ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa Nkrumah kaawɛ yɔ ɖɩ-taa.

Pʋcɔ nɛ ɛlɩɩ Etaazuunii nɛ ewolo Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa,ɖenɖe pɩɩwɛɛ se palakɩ Afrɩka kpeekpe ajɛya kigbeɣluu sɔsɔʋ pɩnaɣ 1945 taa yɔ lɛ, ɛma takayaɣ cikpelaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Vers la libération nationale yɔ. Ka-taa ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-lɩmaɣza kolonialism yɔɔ.Ɛ-lɩmaɣza taa lɛ, tɔm ndʋ ɛyaa yɔɔdʋʋ se pɛwɛɛ nɛ pañakɩ pana nɛ pawazɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa mba nɛ pawɩlɩ-wɛ tɔm yɔ, tɩkɛ kɩmɛlɛndʋ tɔm yem se pɩsa nɛ pataaɖiɣzina se toovenim taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ wɛʋ yɔ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ wɛʋ. Ɛtalɩ Lɔndrɩ lɛ, ɛsʋ sukulibiya ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se WASU yɔ ɖɩ-taa nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ kpɛlɩkʋʋ paɣtʋ,ɛlɛ ɛtɛzɩ ɛ-tɩ kpaɣʋ politiki tɔm taa. Ɛ nɛ komina tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ George Padmore paɖʋ nɔɔ nɛ pama tɔm ndʋ pakpaɣ nɛ pɔtɔ caca ŋgʋ palakaɣ Manchester Afrɩka ajɛya kpeekpe taa yɔ.

Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛlaba nɛ Kana ɛjaɖɛ hiɣ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʋ

Ɛpɩsɩ Côte-de-l'Or pɩnaɣ 1947 taa nɛ ɛkɛ takayaɣ taa mayʋ sɔsɔ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ kandɩyʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se UGCC (United Gold Coast Convention) yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛlɛ, ajɛya ana a-taa ɛyaa kɩlɩna wɛʋ nɛ a-taa ɛyaa kɩlɩna ɖɔʋ nɛ a-taa mba lɛ, pa-taa sakɩyɛ kaakɛ tɛtʋ taa ɛyaa nɛ pataasɔɔlɩ kʋñɔndɩnaa tɔm nɛ pa nɛ ajɛya ana a-taa ñʋʋdʋ paawɛɛ nɛ palakɩ nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ. Nkrumah kpaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se ɛpɩsɩɣ UGCC ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʋ yɔ: ɛlɩzɩ tɔm susuu takayasɩ naatozo nɛ sɩpaɣzɩ ɖɔʋ camɩyɛ; ɛlɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ piya evelisi ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ Nkrumah wɛɛ nɛ ɛlakɩ tɔm yɔɔdʋʋ agbaa taa. Pɩnaɣ 1948 taa lɛ, polisinaa kʋ ɛyaa mba paawɛɛ nɛ pawɩlɩɣ se pɛfɛyɩnɩ ñamtʋ yɔ, pa-taa ɛyaa 20 mbʋ yɔ. Sɔɔndʋ kpa UGCC ñʋndɩnaa nɛ peyebi Nkrumah se ɛtaatasɩ kɛʋ takayaɣ taa mayʋ. Pakpa-ɩ nɛ paɖʋ-ɩ salaka fenasɩ naalɛ nɛ UGCC ñʋndɩnaa lalaa. Kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 12 wiye pɩnaɣ 1949, UGCC piya evelisi ŋgbɛyɛ sɩnɩ-ɩ nɛ Nkrumah heyi ɛyaa 60 000 se ɛlɩza ŋgbɛyɛ kɩfaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ: Convention People's Party (CPP). Nkrumah kaasɔɔlaa se ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ɛlɩɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ pʋyɔɔ lɛ, ɛɖʋ paɣtʋ se paɖɩɣ ɖɩ-taa ñɩma nɛ paañaŋ pa-paɣtʋ. Pɩlabɩ mbʋ lɛ, Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ñʋndɩnaa kpa-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1950 taa nɛ paɖʋ-ɩ salaka pɩnzɩ naadozo. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, CPP ŋgbɛyɛ paɣzɩ nesi ɖʋʋ nɛ ɖɩpaɣzɩ maʋ paɣtʋ kɩfatʋ. Paɖʋ paɣtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa se Afrɩka ajɛɛ taa ɛyaa 75 pɩzɩɣ nɛ palɩzɩ pa-tɩ se pɛkɛ pa-ñʋndɩnaa. Paɖʋ ɖɔɖɔ paɣtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa se pakaɣ lɩzʋʋ kominawaa. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ lutozo (8) ñɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1951 taa lɛ, CPP wabɩ Accra tɛtʋ taa kediizasɩ 38 nzɩ paawɛna yɔ, sɩ-taa 34 nɛ ɖɩwabɩ ɖɔɖɔ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa. Paa Nkrumah ɛɛwɛ salaka taa yɔ, ɛtɩŋna paɣtʋ yɔɔ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ɛlɩɩ nɛ ɛlɩɩ Accra tɛtʋ taa. Ɛlaba lɛ, ɛyaa mɩnɩʋ yɔɔ lɛ, pakpaɣ-ɩ se ɛkɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyʋ. Palɩzɩ-ɩ salaka taa nɛ pʋwayɩ lɛ, palɩzɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛ komina ñʋʋdʋ Nkrumah ñaɣ pana nɛ ɛñɩɣ niye tɔm ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ. se pɩsa nɛ ɛhɛzɩ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ komina ñʋndɩnaa laŋa. Ɛ-tɛ politiki ŋgʋ payaɣ se "Africanisation de Ɛ-tɛ politiki ŋgʋ payaɣ se "Africanisation de ɖɩlɩna Cocoa Marketing Office cɔlɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, pɛwɛɛ nɛ pañakɩ pana siŋŋ nɛ pɛɖɛɣnɩ ɛsɩndaa kpɛlɩkʋʋ nɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ waʋ pa-ajɛya taa. Pɩnaɣ 1954 ñɩŋa taa halaa ha waɖɛ se palɩzɩ pa-tɩ.

Ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ

Pɩnaɣ 1956 taa paɖʋ pa-tɩ se palɩzɩ komina ñʋʋdʋ lɛ, CPP ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kaawɛ nɛ pɛcɛzɩ 700 000 yɔ, CPP ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kaawɛ nɛ pɛcɛzɩ 700 000 yɔ,ɖɩkpaɣ kpelaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ naatozo. Pʋyɔɔ kɛ Côte-de-l'Or kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩmʋ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʋ yɔ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1957 lɛ, ɛwalɩ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa Copte ŋgbɛyɛ taa tʋ Fathia Rizk. Ɖooo kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʋ wiye, Nkrumah kpaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se etiki ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ kɩbɩnɖɛ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛya ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ kɩfaɖɛ se Kana kewiyaɣ. nɖɩ ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ kɩbɩnɖɛ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛya ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ kɩfaɖɛ se Kana kewiyaɣ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, pɩtɩkɛ ɛzɩ Gold Coast yɔ, lɛɛlɛɛyɔ lɛ, paatasɩɣ pɩzʋʋ nɛ pɛɖɛzɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ kʋnʋmɩŋ weyi ɩ-taa pɔyɔɔdʋʋ kʋnʋŋ ŋgʋ yɔ ɩ-taa. Kpaɣna kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 1 pɩnaɣ 1960 lɛ, Gana pɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa komina wɛɛ yɔ.

Ɛ-lɩmaɣza wɛ ndɩ nɛ Afrɩka ajɛya lɛɛna ñɩna

Nkrumah maɣzaɣ se paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩkaɖɩnɩ ajɛɛ wena awɛ ɖoŋ yɔ. Ajɛɛ wena a-taa palakaɣ you yɔ, a-tɛ kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ pɩpɩzɩɣ piyele nɛ you paɣzɩ. Ɛkɛ Pan-Africanism ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛ-taabalʋ sɔsɔ George Padmore, nɛ ɛ nɛ-ɩ pañɔɔzɩ Pan-Afrique tɔm kigbeɣluu 6 ñɩŋgʋ nɛ 7 ñɩŋgʋ pɩnaɣ 1953 Kumasi nɛ 1958 Accra, nɛ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kajalaɣ kigbeɣluu ŋgʋ kɩ-taa Afrika ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ nɛ awɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩtasɩna se ɛñɩnɩɣ se Afrika ajɛya tɩŋa ɛlɩɩ a-tɩ yɔɔ kpaagbaa lɛ, ɛñɩnɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ ɛlɩɩ ajɛya lɛɛna yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se "États-Unis d'Afrique" nɛ pɩsa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ.

Pɩsa nɛ pɩla mbʋ lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1958 taa lɛ, ɛñɩɣ nesi se ɛ nɛ ɛ-taabalaa mba pɛwɛ Afrika yɔ, pañaɣ pana nɛ pala politiki kʋɖʋmʋʋ". Pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ ɛcalɩ haʋ nesi Ahmed Sékou Touré ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛha-ɩ liidiye pʋtɔbʋʋ miliyɔɔnaa hiu. Ɛñakɩ pana nɛ ɛcalɩ kpaɣʋ lɩmaɣza se ɛñɔɔzɩ Afrika kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ ɛ nɛ Gine pɛkpɛnda ɖama 1er mai 1959 wiye. Pɩkɔma pɩtalɩ 24 décembre 1960 lɛ, Malii pɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɩfaɖɛ. Ɛlɛ ye paatɛm ɖama mʋʋ yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɛfɛyɩ ɖama cɔlɔ. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1963 taa ɛlaba tʋmɩyɛ nɛ ɛñɩɣ niye OU takayaɣ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ paanaɣ ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se ɛlɩzɩ Afrika ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ komina. Pɩnaɣ 1962 aloma fenaɣ taa ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa politiki ŋgbɛyɛ taa tʋ yɔ. Ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛfɛyɩ nɔɔyʋ cɔlɔ, ɛlɛ ɛjaɖɛ lɛɛɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛfɛyɩ nɔɔyʋ cɔlɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛ-tʋma ana a-yɔɔ ajɛya wena awɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ taa yɔ, atɩsɔɔlɩ-ɩ. (CIA yɔɔdaa se "Nkrumah laba nɛ pɩkɩlɩ Afrɩka ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa mba pa-taa lɛ, pa-taa lɛ, nɔɔyʋ tɩpɩzɩ nɛ ɛla nɛ pɩkɔnɩ-ɖʋ kaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ") Ɛlɛ, Afrɩka ñʋʋdʋnaa nabɛyɛ ñɔtɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛ-tʋma wena ɛlakaɣ Afrika kpeekpe taa yɔ, a-taa lɛ, ɛñɩnaɣ se komina tʋmɩyɛ ɛɖʋ Afrika taa.

Nkrumah seɣtiɣ Afrɩka ajɛya lɛɛna n̄ɩma se pekiziɣ you lakasɩ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se n̄amtʋ nɛ komina tisiɣ nɛ ɛ nɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa n̄ɩma palakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, mbʋ kɛnɩna nʋmɔʋ kɩbaŋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔɔ papɩzɩɣ patɩŋna nɛ pehiɣ pa-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʋ yɔ. You ŋgʋ kɩɩwɛ Alzerii, Kameruni nɛ Pɔrɩtigaalɩ ajɛya taa yɔ, nɛ pɩtasɩna politiki lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ palakaɣ Patrice Lumumba kewiyaɣ yɔɔ Kɔŋgo ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, pɩtakɩ ɛ-lɩmaɣza nɛ ewolo pɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛlʋbɩnɩ ajɛya wena a-taa pɔtɔkaɣ kewiyitu yɔ, nɛ ɛtaalakɩ-yɛ kañatʋ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1966. Pɩnaɣ 1970 taa, ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ se Les luttes de classes en Afrique yɔ, ka-taa ɛyɔɔdɩ ɛ-lɩmaɣza kɩdɛkɛda wena ɛɛwɛna yɔ a-tɔm. Pɩtɩpɔzɩ pana ñaɣʋ pʋcɔ nɛ ɛyʋ pɩzɩ nɛ ɛla mbʋ pɩcɛyaa yɔ".

Tʋma wena palakɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʋ tɩlɛɣzɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ komina kɩbɩnʋʋ lɩwa yɔ ɖɩ-ñʋʋtʋ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ ajɛya naayɛ ñɩnɩɣ se a-taa ajɛya wena awɛ kɩmaŋ yɔ, a-taa ɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ nɛ pɩsa nɛ ajɛya ana a-taa ajɛya wena awɛ kɩmaŋ yɔ, awɛ ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ. Ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩna kɔyɔ, tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛtɛyɩ-tʋ nɛ pɛtɛyɩ-tʋ nɛ lɩm pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Akosombo yɔ (912 MW) nɛ pɩtasɩna lɩm pɔɔ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ-kʋ se Tema yɔ, ŋgʋ kɩ-taa pɛtɛyɩ-kʋ nɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ tʋnɛ yɔ, ɛlɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛtɛyɩ-tʋ nɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ tʋnɛ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ ñɔɔzʋʋ haɣ-ɖɩ waɖɛ se ɖɩwɛɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ: komina tikee nɛ liidiye kɩmɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ pɩkpaɣ ɖoŋ nɛ paa ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʋ yɔ, ajɛya lɛɛna taa ɛyaa fɛyɩ se pɛhɛyɩɣ liidiye. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, kpaɣnɩ pɩnaɣ 1954 lɛ, liidiye nɖɩ pɛhɛyɩɣ kakao hayɩm taa tʋmlaɖaa yɔ, ɖɩwɛɛ nɛ ɖɩtɛzɩɣ ɖɔʋ, nɛ piyeba nɛ kʋñɔmɩŋ paɣlɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ.

Pɩnaɣ 1960 paɣzɩtʋ taa, kakao tɔsʋʋ nɛ tɔsʋʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩlɩna tɔsʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩlɩna ajɛyɛ lɛɛna taa yɔ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se Nkrumah kpaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se ɛlʋkɩ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ labɩnaʋ tʋmɩyɛ labɩnaʋ. Ɛtakɩ "lɛɣzɩtʋ ndʋ tɩtɩkɛ kɩmaŋ yɔ", mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ajɛya sɔsɔna lakɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pahayɩɣ tɔɔnasɩ nɛ liidiye pʋɖɔɔ yɔ nɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pahayɩɣ tɔɔnasɩ yɔ. Ɖajaa Basil Davidson ñɩnaa nɛ ɛna se paa Kana ɛjaɖɛ taa kokoo tɔɔnɩnaa kaatalɩ 350 000 pɩnaɣ 1960 taa nɛ pɩtalɩ 494 000 pɩnaɣ 1965 taa yɔ, pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa lɛ, liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ, ɖɩtɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1960 ñɩŋga. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ taabalɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛkɩɣ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ ajɛya lɛ, Nkrumah kpaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se ɛkaɣ ɖɔm Marxism yɔɔ kɛ CPP kigbeɣluu hiu nɛ kʋɖʋm ŋgʋ kɩ-taa. Ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩna se "conscience" (yaa "nkrumahisme") wɩlɩtʋ taa lɛ, pɔcɔna nɛ pɔcɔna nɛ patɩlɩ ɛzɩma pɛtɛyɩɣ liidiye yɔ, nɛ pakpaɣ pɩnzɩ lʋbɛ ñɩnɖɛ pɩnaɣ 1964 taa, pɩpɔzaa se pɔcɔna nɛ patɩlɩ ɛzɩma pɛtɛyɩɣ liidiye yɔ nɛ pɩsa nɛ pɛtɛyɩɣ liidiye nɖɩ pɛtɛyɩɣ yɔ. Paa mbʋ yɔ, lɩmaɣza ana, a-taa lɛ, pakɩlɩɣ maɣzʋʋ se pɩcɛyaa se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpɩzɩ nɛ ɖɩkpaɣ ɖɩ-tɛ ñɩm nɛ ɖɩlabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ pɩsa nɛ ɖɩpɩzɩ ɖɩcɔnɩ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛyaa wɛɛ nɛ pɛwɛɛkɩɣ ñɩm mbʋ pɩwɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ yɔ, pɛwɛɛ nɛ pɛwɛɛkɩɣ ñɩm mbʋ pɩwɛ tɛtʋ yɔɔ yɔ, pa-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ wɛɛ nɛ pɩpaɣlɩɣ nɛ pa-tʋma wɛɛ nɛ pɩwɛɛkɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ. Kedeŋa yɔɔ liidiye koozaɣ kɩfaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩkɔnɩ wezuu caɣʋʋ 48% kpaɣpɩnaɣ 1963 nɛ puwolo pɩnaɣ 1966 taa.

Kpɛlɩkʋʋ nɛ ɛsakuliye pɔ-tɔm

Pɩnaɣ 1962 taa lɛ, paha waɖɛ se paa weyi ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ɛkpɛlɩkɩ sukuli taa, nɛ pɩnaɣ 1965 taa lɛ, paha waɖɛ se paa weyi ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ɛkpɛlɩkɩ sukuli sɔsɔʋ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1950 taa lɛ, sukulibiya nzɩ sɩwɛ sukuli taa yɔ, sɩtaatalɩ 150 000 ɛlɛ, pɩnaɣ 1960 hɛkʋ taa lɛ, sɩtalɩ 1 135 000.

Kwame Nkrumah ñaɣ pana ɖɔɖɔ se ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ɛkpazɩ Afrika kpeekpe taa ɛyaa ɖoŋ. Ɛ-taa kaalabɩ leleŋ nɛ Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ nɛ ɛsakuliye lona wena awɛ Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa yɔ, nɛ ɛcɔŋna ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pañɔɔzɩ Kana ɛjaɖɛ taa kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ (National Museum of Ghana) ŋgʋ pacalɩ-kʋ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kagbanzɩ ñɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1957 taa yɔ, kagbanzɩ ñɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1957 taa yɔ, nɛ Kana ɛjaɖɛ taa anjaʋwaa lɩzʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ (Ghana Arts Council), nɛ Afrika tɔm taa ñɩnɩyaa takayɩsɩ kuduyuu (library) ŋgʋ pacalɩ-kʋ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1961 taa yɔ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, ɛcɔŋna ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pama Kana filim waa ɛgbɛyɛ (Ghana Film Corporation) pɩnaɣ 1964 taa. Pɩnaɣ 1962 taa lɛ, ɛñɔɔzɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ Afrika kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʋʋ sukuli.

Hɔʋ taa politiki nɛ halaa waɖɛ yɔɔ politiki

Ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, ɛ-tɛ politiki laɖʋ sɔsɔ Hannah Kudjoe, weyi ɛ-tɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ taa tʋ ɛnɛ, ɛsazɩ-ɩ se ɛkpa ɛ-tɩ nɛ politiki tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, ɛlaba ŋgbɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tʋmɩyɛ. Ɖajaa Hannah Kudjoe n̄ɛlɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ Kana halaa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Ghana Women's League yɔ. Ɛlakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ tɔɔnaɣ tɔɔʋ yɔɔ, piya kpɛlɩkʋʋ yɔɔ, piya kpɛlɩkʋʋ yɔɔ, pɩtasɩna wondu suu yɔɔ.Halɩ halaa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Ligue des femmes yɔ, ɖiyeba nɛ paɖɩnɩ you ŋgʋ Fransɩ mba lakɩ Sahara Sahara taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ Hannae Kudjoe tɛma ɛ-tɩ kpaɣʋ nɛ ɛsɩɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa fɛyɩ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ ɛsɩɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa fɛyɩ ɖoŋ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1960 taa lɛ, paa Hana Kudjoe nɛ Evelyn Amarteifio pataatisi yɔ, halaa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkpɛndɩna Gold Coast halaa ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ halaa ŋgbɛyɛ cikpeɖe lɛɛɖɛ nɛ ɖɩpɩsɩ Kana halaa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se CPP yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1959 nɛ 1960 paɣtʋ lɩzɩna se halaa ɩcaɣ pa-tɩ yɔɔ paɣtʋ takayaɣ taa. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ, halaa nabɛyɛ wɛɛ nɛ pakpazɩɣ-wɛ ɖoŋ nɛ papɩsɩɣ CPP kɔɔmiite sɔsɔʋ taa mba. Pañakɩ pana se papɩzɩ nɛ pasɩnɩ halaa nɛ pasʋʋ sukuli sɔsɔʋ taa nɛ papɩzɩ nɛ pala tʋma lɛɛna ɖɔɖɔ, pɩtasɩnɩ hayɩm labʋ nɛ tadɩyɛ labʋ.

Politiki kewiyaɣ

Kʋnʋŋ ŋgʋ pakɩlɣ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʋʋ-kʋ yɔ ŋgʋ lɛ se "Opposition" nɛ "Union" nɛ ŋgʋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ Kofi Busia. Pɩnaɣ 1961 taa lɛ, komina kpaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se kɩkpazɩ liidiye nɖɩ pɛhɛyɩɣ ɛyaa yɔ nɛ 5%, se pɩsa nɛ pɛhɛyɩ liidiye nɖɩ palakaɣ nɛ pafalɩsɩɣ tɛtɛɛ wondu yɔ. Koobiya mba pɛwɛnɩ liidiye sakɩyɛ yɔ, pa-taa nabɛyɛ lakɩ mbʋ, ɛlɛ pa-taa nɔɔyʋ ɛɛpɔzʋʋ-wɛ se pɛhɛyɩ liidiye nɖɩ. nɔɔyʋ ɛɛpɔzʋʋ-wɛ se pɛhɛyɩ liidiye nɖɩ. Peeɖe komina ñʋndɩnaa kpaɣ lɩmaɣza se paɖɩɣ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ paɖɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ komina ñʋndɩnaa lalaa nɛ pɔtɔ salaka. Nkrumah yabɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛ-kʋñɔŋ nabʋlɛ taa agoza fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1962 nɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1964 taa. Pitileɖi lɛ, pakpa paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa mba pa-tɩŋa nɛ pakpa-wɛ, paɖɩzɩ tɔm susuu nɛ paɖɩzɩ tɔm hʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ paɖʋ-ɩ hɩɖɛ se ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛ-ɛyaa mba paawɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, paya-ɩ se Osagyefo, ɛlɛ ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa ya-ɩ se "Kɩhɛzɩyʋ". Ɛñakɩ pana ɖɔɖɔ se ɛɖɩzɩ lɩmaɣza wena ɛyaa wɛna se pɛwɛnɩ tʋkaɣ ɛyaa hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa yɔ.

Pɩnaɣ 1964 taa lɛ, CPP pɩsɩ ŋgbɛyɛ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa CPP pɩsɩ ŋgbɛyɛ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa mba pa-tɩŋa pɛwɛna yɔ, pa-tɩŋa paawɛɛ yɔ. Ɛmaɣzɩɣ se Afrika taa lɛ, ɛyaa mba paawɛ peeɖe nɛ pʋcɔ palɩɩ yomiye taa yɔ, paawɛɛ nɛ pacakɩ wezuu ŋgʋ payaɣ se "communalisme" yɔ, nɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ yomiye ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkaɣ sɩʋ tɩnaɣ yɔ, pɩkaɣ yebu nɛ Afrika taa ɛyaa tɩŋa ɩwɛɛ kɩmaŋ nɛ paa weyi ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ɛwɛɛnɩ ɛ-tɩ.

Pɛpɛɖɩ-wɛ nɛ powoni-wɛ yomiye taa

Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 24 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1966 taa, Nkrumah kaawɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, sɔɔjanaa kʋyɩ ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ pɔtɔ caca nɛ pɔyɔkɩ-ɩ. Peeɖe ewobi ɛ-taabalʋ Sékou Touré cɔlɔ, ɛlɛ ekizaa se ɛkaɣ kɛʋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe ɛñɔɔzɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-takayasɩ nɛ takayasɩ nzɩ sɩyɔɔdʋʋ Afrika nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ tɔm yɔ. Ɛsɩba lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 27 pɩnaɣ 1972 kɛ Bucharest tɛtʋ taa ɖɔkɔtɔ nakʋyʋ taa, kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ ɛ-taa yɔ kɩ-yɔɔ.

Piya nzɩ sɩkaɣ lʋlʋʋ yɔ

Ɖajaa Jerry Rawlings lɩzɩ Kwame Nkrumah mausoleum kɛ pɩnaɣ 1992 taa nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɛɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ Kana ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ kajalaɣ tʋ Accra tɛtʋ taa. Sɔnɔ, mausoleum ŋgʋ, kɩ-tɔm kɩlɩnɩ cɛyʋʋ Kana ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa.

Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2010 taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋtʋ John Evans Atta Mills kpaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se ɛñɔɔzɩ ɛ-tɛ lɩm taa tɛtʋ cikpetʋ natʋyʋ nɛ pɩhaɣ Kana waɖɛ se kɩpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩɣ nɛ ɖɩlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ ñɩɣlɩm num yɔ. Ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩnaɣ kɔyɔ, ɖɩnaɣ se, mɛlɛ ŋgʋ payaɣ se Kwame Nkrumah yɔ, kɩwɛna tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ.